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. Sedimented hydrothermal vents are likely to be widespread compared to hardsubstrate hot vents. They host chemosynthetic microbial communities whichfix inorganic carbon (C) at the seafloor, as well as a wide range of macroinfauna,including vent-obligate and background non-vent taxa. There are no previousdirect observations of carbon cycling at a sedimented hydrothermal vent. Weconducted 13C isotope tracing experiments at three sedimented sites in theBransfield Strait, Antarctica, which showed different degrees ofhydrothermalism. Two experimental treatments were applied, with 13C added as either algal detritus (photosynthetic C), or as bicarbonate(substrate for benthic C fixation). Algal 13C was taken up by bothbacteria and metazoan macrofaunal, but its dominant fate was respiration, asobserved at deeper and more food-limited sites elsewhere. Rates of 13C uptake and respiration suggested that the diffuse hydrothermal site was notthe hot spot of benthic C cycling that we hypothesised it would be. Fixationof inorganic C into bacterial biomass was observed at all sites, and wasmeasurable at two out of three sites. At all sites, newly fixed C was transferredto metazoan macrofauna. Fixation rates were relatively low compared withsimilar experiments elsewhere; thus, C fixed at the seafloor was a minor Csource for the benthic ecosystem. However, as the greatest amount of benthicC fixation occurred at the “Off Vent” (non-hydrothermal) site ( 0.077±0.034 mg C m−2 fixed during 60  h ), we suggest that benthic fixation ofinorganic C is more widespread than previously thought, and warrants furtherstudy.

Benthic carbon fixation and cycling in diffuse hydrothermal and background sediments in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica