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. Cable bacteria are multicellular, filamentous microorganisms that are capableof transporting electrons over centimeter-scale distances. Although recentlydiscovered, these bacteria appear to be widely present in the seafloor, andwhen active they exert a strong imprint on the local geochemistry. Inparticular, their electrogenic metabolism induces unusually strong pHexcursions in aquatic sediments, which induces considerable mineraldissolution, and subsequent mineral reprecipitation. However, at present, itis unknown whether and how cable bacteria play an active or direct role inthe mineral reprecipitation process. To this end we present an explorativestudy of the formation of sedimentary minerals in and near filamentous cablebacteria using a combined approach of electron microscopy and spectroscopictechniques. Our observations reveal the formation of polyphosphate granuleswithin the cells and two different types of biomineral formation directlyassociated with multicellular filaments of these cable bacteria: (i) theattachment and incorporation of clay particles in a coating surrounding thebacteria and (ii) encrustation of the cell envelope by iron minerals. Thesefindings suggest a complex interaction between cable bacteria and thesurrounding sediment matrix, and a substantial imprint of the electrogenicmetabolism on mineral diagenesis and sedimentary biogeochemical cycling. Inparticular, the encrustation process leaves many open questions for furtherresearch. For example, we hypothesize that the complete encrustation offilaments might create a diffusion barrier and negatively impact themetabolism of the cable bacteria.

Mineral formation induced by cable bacteria performing long-distance electron transport in marine sediments