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. Peatlands are significant global methane ( CH4 ) sources, but processesgoverning CH4 dynamics have been predominantly studied in the NorthernHemisphere. Southern hemispheric and tropical bogs can be dominated bycushion-forming vascular plants (e.g. Astelia pumila,Donatia fascicularis). These cushion bogs are found in many (mostlysouthern) parts of the world but could also serve as extreme examples fordensely rooted northern hemispheric bogs dominated by rushes and sedges. Wereport highly variable summer CH4 emissions from different microforms ina Patagonian cushion bog as determined by chamber measurements. Drivingbiogeochemical processes were identified from pore water profiles and carbonisotopic signatures. Intensive root activity throughout a rhizospherestretching over 2 m in depth accompanied by molecular oxygen release createdaerobic microsites in water-saturated peat, leading to a thorough CH4 oxidation ( −1 pore water CH4 , enrichedin δ13C - CH4 by up to 10 ‰) and negligibleemissions ( 0.09±0.16  mmol  CH4  m −2  d −1 ) fromAstelia lawns. In sparsely or even non-rooted peat below adjacentpools pore water profile patterns similar to those obtained under Astelialawns, which emitted very small amounts of CH4 ( 0.23±0.25  mmol m −2  d −1 ), were found. Below the A. pumila rhizosphere porewater concentrations increased sharply to 0.40±0.25  mmol  CH4  L −1 and CH4 was predominantly produced by hydrogenotrophicmethanogenesis. A few Sphagnum lawns and – surprisingly – one lawndominated by cushion-forming D. fascicularis were found to be local CH4 emission hotspots with up to 1.52±1.10  mmol  CH4  m −2  d −1 presumably as root density and molecular oxygen releasedropped below a certain threshold. The spatial distribution of rootcharacteristics supposedly causing such a pronounced CH4 emission patternwas evaluated on a conceptual level aiming to exemplify scenarios in denselyrooted bogs. We conclude that presence of cushion vegetation as a proxy fornegligible CH4 emissions from cushion bogs needs to be interpreted withcaution. Nevertheless, overall ecosystem CH4 emissions at our study sitewere probably minute compared to bog ecosystems worldwide and widelydecoupled from environmental controls due to intensive root activity ofA. pumila, for example.

Zero to moderate methane emissions in a densely rooted, pristine Patagonian bog – biogeochemical controls as revealed from isotopic evidence