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. Competition is a major driver of carbon allocation to differentplant tissues (e.g., wood, leaves, fine roots), and allocation, in turn,shapes vegetation structure. To improve their modeling of the terrestrialcarbon cycle, many Earth system models now incorporate vegetationdemographic models (VDMs) that explicitly simulate the processes ofindividual-based competition for light and soil resources. Here, in order tounderstand how these competition processes affect predictions of theterrestrial carbon cycle, we simulate forest responses to elevatedatmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] along a nitrogen availabilitygradient, using a VDM that allows us to compare fixed allocation strategiesvs. competitively optimal allocation strategies. Our results show thatcompetitive and fixed strategies predict opposite fractional allocation tofine roots and wood, though they predict similar changes in total net primary production (NPP) alongthe nitrogen gradient. The competitively optimal allocation strategypredicts decreasing fine root and increasing wood allocation with increasingnitrogen, whereas the fixed strategy predicts the opposite. Althoughsimulated plant biomass at equilibrium increases with nitrogen due toincreases in photosynthesis for both allocation strategies, the increase inbiomass with nitrogen is much steeper for competitively optimal allocationdue to its increased allocation to wood. The qualitatively oppositefractional allocation to fine roots and wood of the two strategies alsoimpacts the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant biomass. Whereas thefixed allocation strategy predicts an increase in plant biomass underelevated [CO2] that is approximately independent of nitrogenavailability, competition leads to higher plant biomass response to elevated[CO2] with increasing nitrogen availability. Our results indicate thatthe VDMs that explicitly include the effects of competition for light andsoil resources on allocation may generate significantly differentecosystem-level predictions of carbon storage than those that use fixedstrategies.

biogeosciences

Competition alters predicted forest carbon cycle responses to nitrogen availability and elevated CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: simulations using an explicitly competitive, game-theoretic vegetation demographic model