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. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermalvariability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics willaffect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here,we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermalvariations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5  ∘ C)and high (25.5  ∘ C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermalvariation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, bothindividually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies wereless inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicatingthat high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortalityand mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellularelemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by boththermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constanttemperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growthrate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. Theseresponses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperatureregimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity andmarine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate.

How will the key marine calcifier &lt;i&gt;Emiliania huxleyi&lt;/i&gt; respond to a warmer and more thermally variable ocean?

How will the key marine calcifier <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> respond to a warmer and more thermally variable ocean?