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. Microorganisms in petroleum reservoirs play significant roles in hydrocarbondegradation, and through the terminal electron-accepting process ofmethanogenesis, they also contribute to microbially enhanced oil recovery(MEOR) worldwide, with great economic and environmental benefits. Here, amolecular investigation, using the 16S rRNA and mcrA gene profiles based onMiSeq sequencing and clone library construction methods, was conducted onoil and water (aqueous) phases of samples of high (82–88  ∘ C),moderate (45–63  ∘ C), and low temperatures (21–32  ∘ C) fromseven petroleum reservoirs in China. A core bacterial microbiome with asmall proportion of shared operational taxonomic unit (OTU) values, but a highproportion of sequences among all reservoirs was discovered, includingaerobic degraders, sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria, fermentative bacteria,and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria distributed mainly in Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres,Deinococcus–Thermus, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Thermotogae. Their prevalence in the previously reported petroleum reservoirsand successive enrichment cultures suggests their common roles and functionsinvolved in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The methanogenicprocess generally shifts from the dominant hydrogenotrophic pathway in theaqueous phase to the acetoclastic pathway in the oil phase in high-temperaturereservoirs, but the opposite was true for low-temperature reservoirs. Nodifference was detected between the two phases in moderate temperaturereservoirs. Physicochemical factors, including pH; temperature; phaseconditions; and nitrate, Mn2+ , and Mg2+ concentrations were themain factors correlated to the microbial compositional and functional profilessignificantly. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis shows distributiondifferences of microbial groups towards pH, temperature, and the oil and aqueousphases. Using the software Tax4Fun for functional profiling indicatedfunctional metabolism differences between the two phases, including aminoacids, hydrocarbons in the oil phase, and carbohydrates in the aqueous phase.

biogeosciences

Identifying the core bacterial microbiome of hydrocarbon degradation and a shift of dominant methanogenesis pathways in the oil and aqueous phases of petroleum reservoirs of different temperatures from China