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. Microbial nitrogen processing in direct association with marine animals andseaweeds is poorly understood. Microbes can both attach to the surfaces ofmacrobiota and make use of their excreted nitrogen and dissolved organiccarbon (DOC). We tested the role of an intertidal mussel (Mytilus californianus) and red alga (Prionitis sternbergii), as well asinert substrates for microbial activity using enclosed chambers with seawaterlabeled with 15N -enriched ammonium and nitrate. Chambers with onlyseawater from the same environment served as a control. We found that 3.21 nmolof ammonium per gram of dry mass of mussel, on average, was oxidized perhour, while 1.60 nmol of nitrate was reduced per hour. Prionitiswas associated with the oxidation of 1.50 nmol of ammonium per gram of wet mass perhour, while 1.56 nmol of nitrate was reduced per hour. Inert substratesproduced relatively little change compared to seawater alone. Extrapolatingto a square meter of shoreline, microbial activity associated with musselscould oxidize 2.5 mmol of ammonium and reduce per 1.2 mmol of nitrate perday. A square meter of seaweed could oxidize 0.13 mmol ammonium per day andreduce the same amount of nitrate. Seawater collected proximal to the shoreversus 2–5 km offshore showed no difference in ammonium oxidation or nitratereduction. Microbial nitrogen metabolism associated with mussels was notinfluenced by the time of day. When we experimentally added DOC (glucose) asa carbon source to chambers with the red alga and inert substrates, no changein nitrification rates was observed. Added DOC did increase dissolved inorganicnitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus uptake, indicating that DOC addition stimulated heterotrophicmicrobial activity, and suggests potential competition for DIN betweenheterotrophic and chemolithotrophic microbes and their seaweed hosts. Ourresults demonstrate that microbes in direct association with coastal animalsand seaweeds greatly enhance nitrogen processing and likely provide atemplate for a diversity of ecological interactions.

Enhanced microbial nitrogen transformations in association with macrobiota from the rocky intertidal