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Abstract. Winter soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) respiration is a significantand understudied component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Winter soil CO 2 fluxes can be surprisingly variable, owing to physical factors such assnowpack properties and wind. This study aimed to quantify the effects ofadvective transport of CO 2 in soil–snow systems on the subdiurnal todiurnal (hours to days) timescale, use an enhanced diffusion model toreplicate the effects of CO 2 concentration depletions from persistentwinds, and use a model–measure pairing to effectively explore what ishappening in the field. We took continuous measurements of CO 2 concentration gradients and meteorological data at a site in the Cape BretonHighlands of Nova Scotia, Canada, to determine the relationship between windspeeds and CO 2 levels in snowpacks. We adapted a soil CO 2 diffusionmodel for the soil–snow system and simulated stepwise changes in transportrate over a broad range of plausible synthetic cases. The goal was to mimicthe changes we observed in CO 2 snowpack concentration to help elucidatethe mechanisms (diffusion, advection) responsible for observed variations. Onsubdiurnal to diurnal timescales with varying winds and constant snowlevels, a strong negative relationship between wind speed and CO 2 concentration within the snowpack was often identified. Modelling clearlydemonstrated that diffusion alone was unable to replicate the high-frequencyCO 2 fluctuations, but simulations using above-atmospheric snowpackdiffusivities (simulating advective transport within the snowpack) reproducedsnow CO 2 changes of the observed magnitude and speed. This confirmed thatwind-induced ventilation contributed to episodic pulsed emissions from thesnow surface and to suppressed snowpack concentrations. This study improvesour understanding of winter CO 2 dynamics to aid in continuedquantification of the annual global C cycle and demonstrates a preferencefor continuous wintertime CO 2 flux measurement systems.

Explaining CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluctuations observed in snowpacks

Explaining CO<sub>2</sub> fluctuations observed in snowpacks