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. Calcified coralline red algae are ecologically key organisms in photicbenthic environments. In recent decades they have become important climateproxies, especially in the Arctic and subarctic. It has been widely acceptedthat magnesium content in coralline tissues is directly a function of ambienttemperature, and this is a primary basis for their value as a climatearchive. In this paper we show for two genera of Arctic/subarctic corallines,Leptophytum laeve and Kvaleya epilaeve, that previouslyunrecognised complex tissue and cell wall anatomy bears a variety of basalsignatures for Mg content, with the accepted temperature relationship beingsecondary. The interfilament carbonate has lower Mg than adjacent cell wallsand the hypothallial cell walls have the highest Mg content. The internalstructure of the hypothallial cell walls can differ substantially from theperithallial radial cell wall structure. Using high-magnification scanningelectron microscopy and etching we expose the nanometre-scale structures within thecell walls and interfilament. Fibrils concentrate at the internal andexternal edges of the cell walls. Fibrils ∼  10 nm thick appearto thread through the radial Mg-calcite grains and form concentric bandswithin the cell wall. This banding may control Mg distribution within thecell. Similar fibril banding is present in the hypothallial cell walls butnot the interfilament. Climate archiving with corallines can achieve greaterprecision with recognition of these parameters.

biogeosciences

Anatomical structure overrides temperature controls on magnesium uptake – calcification in the Arctic/subarctic coralline algae &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Leptophytum laeve&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Kvaleya epilaeve&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Rhodophyta; Corallinales)