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. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and an ozonedepletion agent. Estuaries that are subject to seasonal anoxia are generallyregarded as N2O sources. However, insufficient understanding of theenvironmental controls on N2O production results in large uncertaintyabout the estuarine contribution to the global N2O budget. Incubationexperiments with nitrogen stable isotope tracer were used to investigate thegeochemical factors controlling N2O production from denitrification inthe Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North America. The highestpotential rates of water column N2O production via denitrification(7.5±1.2 nmol-N L−1 h−1) were detected during summeranoxia, during which oxidized nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite) wereabsent from the water column. At the top of the anoxic layer, N2Oproduction from denitrification was stimulated by addition of nitrate andnitrite. The relative contribution of nitrate and nitrite to N2Oproduction was positively correlated with the ratio of nitrate to nitriteconcentrations. Increased oxygen availability, up to 7 µmol L−1oxygen, inhibited both N2O production and the reduction of nitrate tonitrite. In spring, high oxygen and low abundance of denitrifying microbesresulted in undetectable N2O production from denitrification. Thus,decreasing the nitrogen input into the Chesapeake Bay has two potentialimpacts on the N2O production: a lower availability of nitrogensubstrates may mitigate short-term N2O emissions during summeranoxia; and, in the long-run (timescale of years), eutrophication will be alleviatedand subsequent reoxygenation of the bay will further inhibit N2Oproduction.

Nitrogen and oxygen availabilities control water column nitrous oxide production during seasonal anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay