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. The shallow-marine benthic coralline alga Clathromorphum compactumis an important annual- to sub-annual-resolution archive of Arctic andsubarctic environmental conditions, allowing reconstructions going back> 600 years. Both Mg content, in the high-Mg calcitic cell walls,and annual algal growth increments have been used as a proxy for pasttemperatures and sea ice conditions. The process of calcification incoralline algae has been debated widely, with no definitive conclusion aboutthe role of light and photosynthesis in growth and calcification. Lightreceived by algal specimens can vary with latitude, water depth, sea iceconditions, water turbidity, and shading. Furthermore, field calibrationstudies of Clathromorphum sp. have yielded geographically disparatecorrelations between MgCO3 and sea surface temperature. Theinfluence of other environmental controls, such as light, on Mg uptake andcalcification has received little attention. We present results from an11-month mesocosm experiment in which 123 wild-collected C. compactum specimens were grown in conditions simulating their naturalhabitat. Specimens grown for periods of 1 and 2 months in complete darknessshow that the typical complex of anatomy and cell wall calcification developsin new tissue without the presence of light, demonstrating that calcificationis metabolically driven and not a side effect of photosynthesis. Also, weshow that both light and temperature significantly affect MgCO3 inC. compactum cell walls. For specimens grown at low temperature(2  ∘ C), the effects of light are smaller, with a 1.4 mol % MgCO3 increase from low-light (mean  =  17 lx) to high-lightconditions (mean  =  450 lx). At higher (10  ∘ C) temperature therewas a 1.8 mol % MgCO3 increase from low to high light. It istherefore concluded that site- and possibly specimen-specific temperaturecalibrations must be applied, to account for effects of light when generatingClathromorphum-derived temperature calibrations.

biogeosciences

Effects of light and temperature on Mg uptake, growth, and calcification in the proxy climate archive &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Clathromorphum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;compactum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;