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Abstract. This article presents data regarding the Si biogeochemical cycle during twooceanographic cruises conducted in the tropical South Pacific (BIOSOPE andOUTPACE cruises) in 2005 and 2015. It involves the first Si stockmeasurements in this understudied region, encompassing various oceanicsystems from New Caledonia to the Chilean upwelling between 8 and 34 ∘  S.Some of the lowest levels of biogenic silica standing stocks ever measuredwere found in this area, notably in the southern Pacific gyre, whereChlorophyll  a concentrations are the most depleted worldwide. Integrated biogenicsilica stocks are as low as 1.08±0.95  mmol m −2 and are the loweststocks measured in the South Pacific. Size-fractionated biogenic silicaconcentrations revealed a non-negligible contribution of the pico-sizedfraction ( –3  µ m) to biogenic silica standing stocks, representing 26%±12% of total biogenic silica during the OUTPACE cruise and 11%±9% duringthe BIOSOPE cruise. These results indicate significant accumulation in thissize class, which was undocumented for 2005, but has since then beenrelated to Si uptake by Synechococcus cells. Si uptake measurementscarried out during BIOSOPE confirmed biological Si uptake by thissize fraction. We further present diatoms community structure associated withthe stock measurements for a global overview of the Si cycle in the tropical South Pacific.

Silicon cycle in the tropical South Pacific: contribution to the global Si cycle and evidence for an active pico-sized siliceous plankton