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. The western tropical SouthPacific was sampled along a longitudinal 4000 km transect (OUTPACE cruise,18 February, 3 April 2015) for the measurement of carbonate parameters (totalalkalinity and total inorganic carbon) between the Melanesian Archipelago(MA) and the western part of the South Pacific gyre (WGY). This paper reportsthis new dataset and derived properties: pH on the total scale(pH T ) and the CaCO3 saturation state with respect toaragonite ( Ωara ). We also estimate anthropogenic carbon( CANT ) distribution in the water column using the TrOCA method(Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon and total Alkalinity). Along theOUTPACE transect a deeper penetration of CANT in the intermediatewaters was observed in the MA, whereas highest CANT concentrations were detected in the subsurface waters of the WGY. Bycombining our OUTPACE dataset with data available in GLODAPv2 (1974–2009),temporal changes in oceanic inorganic carbon were evaluated. An increase of1.3 to 1.6  µ mol kg −1  a −1 for total inorganic carbon inthe upper thermocline waters is estimated, whereas CANT increasesby 1.1 to 1.2  µ mol kg −1  a −1 . In the MA intermediatewaters (27 kg m −3 σ θ 27.2  kg m −3 ) anincrease of 0.4  µ mol kg −1  a −1 CANT isdetected. Our results suggest a clear progression of ocean acidification inthe western tropical South Pacific with a decrease in the oceanicpH T of up to − 0.0027 a −1 and a shoaling of the saturationdepth for aragonite of up to 200 m since the pre-industrial period.

Carbonate system distribution, anthropogenic carbon and acidification in the western tropical South Pacific (OUTPACE 2015 transect)