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. Dinitrogen fixation is nowrecognized as one of the major sources of bio-available nitrogen in theocean. Thus, N2 fixation sustains a significant part of the globalprimary production by supplying the most common limiting nutrient forphytoplankton growth. The “Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACificExperiment” (OUTPACE) improved the data coverage of the western tropicalSouth Pacific, an area recentlyrecognized as a hotspot of N2 fixation. This new development leads usto develop and test an explicit N2 fixation formulation based on theTrichodesmium physiology (the most studied nitrogen fixer) within a3-D coupled dynamical–biogeochemical model (ROMS-PISCES). We performed aclimatological numerical simulation that is able to reproduce the mainphysical (e.g. sea surface temperature) and biogeochemical patterns (nutrientand chlorophyll concentrations, as well as N2 fixation) in thetropical Pacific. This simulation displayed a Trichodesmium regionaldistribution that extends from 150 ∘  E to 120 ∘  W in thesouth tropical Pacific, and from 120 ∘  E to 140 ∘  W in thenorth tropical Pacific. The local simulated maximuma were found aroundislands (Hawaii, Fiji, Samoa, New Caledonia, Vanuatu). We assessed that15 % of the total primary production may be due to Trichodesmiumin the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions (LNLC) of the tropical Pacific.Comparison between our explicit and the often used (in biogeochemical models)implicit parameterization of N2 fixation showed that the latter leadsto an underestimation of N2 fixation rates by about 25 % in LNLCregions. Finally, we established that iron fluxes from island sedimentscontrol the spatial distribution of Trichodesmium biomasses in thewestern tropical South Pacific. Note, this last result does not take intoaccount the iron supply from rivers and hydrothermal sources, which may wellbe of importance in a region known for its strong precipitation rates andvolcanic activity.

biogeosciences

Modelling N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; fixation related to &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Trichodesmium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; sp.: driving processes and impacts on primary production in the tropical Pacific Ocean