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. Changing atmospheric composition, induced primarily byindustrialization and climate change, can impact plant health and may haveimplications for global food security. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM)can enhance crop production through the redistribution of light fromsunlight to shaded leaves. Nitrogen transported through the atmosphere canalso increase crop production when deposited onto cropland by reducingnutrient limitations in these areas. We employ a crop model (pDSSAT),coupled to input from an atmospheric chemistry model (GEOS-Chem), toestimate the impact of PM and nitrogen deposition on crop production. Inparticular, the crop model considers the resource and physiologicalrestrictions to enhancements in growth from these atmospheric inputs. Wefind that the global enhancement in crop production due to PM in 2010 underthe most realistic scenario is 2.3, 11.0, and 3.4 % for maize,wheat, and rice, respectively. These crop enhancements are smaller thanthose previously found when resource restrictions were not accounted for.Using the same model setup, we assess the effect of nitrogen deposition oncrops and find modest increases (∼ 2 % in global productionfor all three crops). This study highlights the need for better observationsof the impacts of PM on crop growth and the cycling of nitrogen throughoutthe plant–soil system to reduce uncertainty in these interactions.

Resource and physiological constraints on global crop production enhancements from atmospheric particulate matter and nitrogen deposition