English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep waterpresent in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northernAtlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show thatif ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution,then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Oceanbottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume ofwater entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains asignificant portion of entrained northern water. We also note thatventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Oceanwaters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even iftheir volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the mostpromising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deepwater formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utilityof PO 4 * as a tracer of deep water masses, including descendingplumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep oceanmixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump.

What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?