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. A large portion of terrestrially derived carbon outgasses as carbon dioxide(CO 2) from streams and rivers to the atmosphere. Particularly, theamount of CO 2 outgassing from small headwater streamsis highly uncertain. Conservative estimates suggest that they contribute36 % (i.e. 0.93 petagrams (Pg) C yr −1) of total CO 2 outgassingfrom all fluvial ecosystems on the globe. In this study, stream p CO 2 ,dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and δ13 C DIC datawere used to determine CO 2 outgassing from an acidic headwater stream inthe Uhliřska catchment (Czech Republic). This stream drains acatchment with silicate bedrock. The applied stable isotope model is based onthe principle that the 13 C  ∕ 12 C ratio of its sources and theintensity of CO 2 outgassing control the isotope ratio of DIC in streamwater. It avoids the use of the gas transfer velocity parameter ( k ), whichis highly variable and mostly difficult to constrain. Model results indicatethat CO 2 outgassing contributed more than 80 % to the annual streaminorganic carbon loss in the Uhliřska catchment. This translatedto a CO 2 outgassing rate from the stream of 34.9 kgC m −2  yr −1 when normalised to the stream surface area. Largetemporal variations with maximum values shortly before spring snowmelt and insummer emphasise the need for investigations at higher temporal resolution.We improved the model uncertainty by incorporating groundwater data to betterconstrain the isotope compositions of initial DIC. Due to the large globalabundance of acidic, humic-rich headwaters, we underline the importance ofthis integral approach for global applications.

Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach

Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach