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. Antarctic near-shore waters are amongst the most sensitive in the world toocean acidification. Microbes occupying these waters are critical drivers ofecosystem productivity, elemental cycling and ocean biogeochemistry, yetlittle is known about their sensitivity to ocean acidification. A six-level,dose–response experiment was conducted using 650  L incubation tanks(minicosms) adjusted to a gradient in fugacity of carbon dioxide( f CO2 ) from 343 to 1641  µatm . The sixminicosms were filled with near-shore water from Prydz Bay, EastAntarctica,and the protistan composition and abundance was determined by microscopyduring 18 days of incubation. No CO2 -related change in the protistancommunity composition was observed during the initial 8 day acclimationperiod under low light. Thereafter, the response of both autotrophic andheterotrophic protists to f CO2 was species-specific.The response of diatoms was mainly cell size related; microplanktonic diatoms( >  20  µm ) increased in abundance with low to moderate f CO2 (343–634  µatm ) but decreased at f CO2 ≥  953  µatm . Similarly, the abundanceof Phaeocystis antarctica increased with increasing f CO2 peaking at 634  µatm . Above this thresholdthe abundance of micro-sized diatoms and P. antarctica felldramatically, and nanoplanktonic diatoms ( ≤  20  µm ) dominated,therefore culminating in a significant change in the protistan communitycomposition. Comparisons of these results with previous experiments conductedat this site show that the f CO2 thresholds are similar,despite seasonal and interannual differences in the physical and bioticenvironment. This suggests that near-shore microbial communities are likelyto change significantly near the end of this century if anthropogenic CO2 release continues unabated, with profound ramifications fornear-shore Antarctic ecosystem food webs and biogeochemical cycling.

Ocean acidification changes the structure of an Antarctic coastal protistan community