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. Desert biological soil crusts (BSCs) are cyanobacteria-dominatedsurface soil microbial communities common to plant interspaces in aridenvironments. The capability to significantly dampen their metabolism allowsthem to exist for extended periods in a desiccated dormant state that ishighly robust to environmental stresses. However, within minutes of wetting,metabolic functions reboot, maximizing activity during infrequent permissiveperiods. Microcoleus vaginatus, a primary producer within the crustecosystem and an early colonizer, initiates crust formation by bindingparticles in the upper layer of soil via exopolysaccharides, making microbialdominated biological soil crusts highly dependent on the viability of thisorganism. Previous studies have suggested that biopolymers play a centralrole in the survival of this organism by powering resuscitation, rapidlyforming compatible solutes, and fueling metabolic activity in dark, hydratedconditions. To elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon and provide a basisfor future modeling of BSCs, we developed a manually curated, genome-scalemetabolic model of Microcoleus vaginatus (iNJ1153). To validate thismodel, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) were used to characterize the rate ofbiopolymer accumulation and depletion in in hydrated Microcoleus vaginatus under light and dark conditions. Constraint-based flux balanceanalysis showed agreement between model predictions and experimental reactionfluxes. A significant amount of consumed carbon and light energy is investedinto storage molecules glycogen and polyphosphate, while β -polyhydroxybutyrate may function as a secondary resource. Pseudo-steady-statemodeling suggests that glycogen, the primary carbon source with thefastest depletion rate, will be exhausted if M. vaginatus experiences dark wetting events 4 times longer than light wetting events.

Flux balance modeling to predict bacterial survival during pulsed-activity events