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. Research cruises to quantify biogeochemical fluxes in the ocean requiretaking measurements at stations lasting at least several days. A popularexperimental design is the quasi-Lagrangian drifter, often mounted with insitu incubations or sediment traps that follow the flow of water over time. After initialdrifter deployment, the ship tracks the drifter for continuing measurementsthat are supposed to represent the same water environment. An outstandingquestion is how to best determine whether this is true. During theOligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment (OUTPACE) cruise, from 18February to 3 April 2015 in the western tropical South Pacific, threeseparate stations of long duration (five days) over the upper 500  m were conducted in this quasi-Lagrangian sampling scheme. Here we presentphysical data to provide context for these three stations and to assesswhether the sampling strategy worked, i.e., that a single body of waterwas sampled. After analyzing tracer variability and local water circulationat each station, we identify water layers and times where the drifter risksencountering another body of water. While almost no realization of thissampling scheme will be truly Lagrangian, due to the presence of verticalshear, the depth-resolved observations during the three stations show mostlayers sampled sufficiently homogeneous physical environments during OUTPACE.By directly addressing the concerns raised by these quasi-Lagrangian samplingplatforms, a protocol of best practices can begin to be formulated so thatfuture research campaigns include the complementary datasets and analysespresented here to verify the appropriate use of the drifter platform.

OUTPACE long duration stations: physical variability, context of biogeochemical sampling, and evaluation of sampling strategy