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Subarctic and boreal emissions of CH4 are importantcontributors to the atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) balance andsubsequently the global radiative forcing. Whilst N2O emissions may belower, the much greater radiative forcing they produce justifies theirinclusion in GHG studies. In addition to the quantification of fluxmagnitude, it is essential that we understand the drivers of emissions to beable to accurately predict climate-driven changes and potential feedbackmechanisms. Hence this study aims to increase our understanding of whatdrives fluxes of CH4 and N2O in a subarctic forest/wetlandlandscape during peak summer conditions and into the shoulder season,exploring both spatial and temporal variability, and uses satellite-derivedspectral data to extrapolate from chamber-scale fluxes to a 2 km  ×  2 kmlandscape area. From static chamber measurements made during summer and autumn campaigns in2012 in the Sodankylä region of northern Finland, we concluded thatwetlands represent a significant source of CH4(3.35 ± 0.44 mg C m−2 h−1 during the summer campaign and0.62 ± 0.09 mg C m−2 h−1 during the autumn campaign), whilstthe surrounding forests represent a small sink(−0.06 ± < 0.01 mg C m−2 h−1 during the summercampaign and −0.03 ± < 0.01 mg C m−2 h−1during the autumn campaign). N2O fluxes were near-zero across bothecosystems. We found a weak negative relationship between CH4 emissions and watertable depth in the wetland, with emissions decreasing as the water tableapproached and flooded the soil surface and a positive relationship betweenCH4 emissions and the presence of Sphagnum mosses. Temperaturewas also an important driver of CH4 with emissions increasing to a peakat approximately 12 °C. Little could be determined about thedrivers of N2O emissions given the small magnitude of the fluxes. A multiple regression modelling approach was used to describe CH4emissions based on spectral data from PLEIADES PA1 satellite imagery acrossa 2 km  ×  2 km landscape. When applied across the whole image domain wecalculated a CH4 source of 2.05 ± 0.61 mg C m−2 h−1.This was significantly higher than landscape estimates based on either asimple mean or weighted by forest/wetland proportion (0.99 ± 0.16, 0.93 ± 0.12 mg C m−2 h−1,respectively). Hence we conclude that ignoring the detailed spatialvariability in CH4 emissions within a landscape leads to a potentiallysignificant underestimation of landscape-scale fluxes. Given the smallmagnitude of measured N2O fluxes a similar level of detailed upscalingwas not needed; we conclude that N2O fluxes do not currently comprise animportant component of the landscape-scale GHG budget at this site

biogeosciences

Growing season CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O fluxes from a subarctic landscape in northern Finland; from chamber to landscape scale