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The development of golden tides is potentially influenced by global change factors,such as ocean acidification and eutrophication, but related studies arevery scarce. In this study, we cultured a golden tide alga,Sargasssum muticum, at two levels of pCO2 (400 and1000 µatm) and phosphate (0.5 and 40 µM) toinvestigate the interactive effects of elevated pCO2 and phosphate onthephysiological properties of the thalli. Higher pCO2 andphosphate (P) levels alone increased the relative growth rate by 41 and48 %, the net photosynthetic rate by 46 and 55 %, and the soluble carbohydratesby 33 and 62 %, respectively, while the combination of these two levelsdid not promote growth or soluble carbohydrates further. The higher levels ofpCO2 and P alone also enhanced the nitrate uptake rate by 68 and36 %, the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) by 89 and 39 %, and the soluble proteinby 19 and 15 %, respectively. The nitrate uptake rate and soluble proteinwas further enhanced, although the nitrate reductase activity was reduced whenthe higher levels of pCO2 and P worked together. The higherpCO2 and higher P levels alone did not affect the darkrespiration rate of the thalli, but together they increased it by 32 %compared to the condition of lower pCO2 and lower P. The neutraleffect of the higher levels of pCO2 and higher P on growth and solublecarbohydrates, combined with the promoting effect on soluble proteinand dark respiration, suggests that more energy was drawn from carbon assimilationto nitrogen assimilation under conditions of higher pCO2 and higher P;this is most likely to act against the higher pCO2 that caused acid–base perturbationvia synthesizing H+ transport-related protein. Our results indicate thatocean acidification and eutrophication may not boost golden tide eventssynergistically, although each one has a promoting effect

biogeosciences

Physiological response of a golden tide alga (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sargassum muticum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) to the interaction of ocean acidification and phosphorus enrichment