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Understanding processes responsible for shaping biodiversity patterns oncontinental margins is an important requirement for comprehendinganthropogenic impacts in these environments and further management ofbiodiversity. Continental margins perform crucial functions linked to keyecological processes which are mainly structured by surface primaryproductivity and particulate organic matter flux to the seafloor, but also byheterogeneity in seafloor characteristics. However, to what extent theseprocesses control local and regional biodiversity remains unclear. In thisstudy, two isobathic parallel transects located at the shelf break(300–400 m) and upper slope (1000 m) of the western Iberian margin wereused to test how food input and sediment heterogeneity affect nematodediversity independently from the spatial factors geographical distance andwater depth. We also examined the potential role of connectedness betweenboth depth transects through molecular phylogenetic analyses. Regionalgeneric diversity and turnover were investigated at three levels: within astation, between stations from the same depth transect, and betweentransects. High variability in food availability and high sedimentheterogeneity at the shelf-break transect were directly linked to highdiversity within stations and higher variation in community structure acrossstations compared to the upper slope transect. Contrastingly, environmentalfactors (food availability and sediment) did not vary significantly betweenstations located at the upper slope, and this lack of differences were alsoreflected in a low community turnover between these deeper stations. Finally,differences in nematode communities between both transects were morepronounced than differences within each of the isobathic transects, but thesechanges were paralleled by the previously mentioned environmental changes. Theseresults suggest that changes in community structure are mainly dictated byenvironmental factors rather than spatial differences at the western Iberianmargin. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships revealed no evidence fordepth-endemic lineages, indicating regular species interchanges acrossdifferent depths

Evaluating environmental drivers of spatial variability in free-living nematode assemblages along the Portuguese margin