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The\udproduction of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is poorly quantified in tropical reef\udenvironments but forms an essential process that couples marine and\udterrestrial sulfur cycles and affects climate. Here we quantified net aqueous\udDMS production and the concentration of its cellular precursor\uddimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the sea anemone Aiptasia sp., a\udmodel organism to study coral-related processes. Bleached anemones did not\udshow net DMS production whereas symbiotic anemones produced DMS\udconcentrations (mean ± standard error) of\ud160.7 ± 44.22 nmol g−1 dry weight (DW) after 48 h incubation.\udSymbiotic and bleached individuals showed DMSP concentrations of\ud32.7 ± 6.00 and 0.6 ± 0.19 µmol g−1 DW,\udrespectively. We applied these findings to a Monte Carlo simulation to\uddemonstrate that net aqueous DMS production accounts for only 20 % of\udgross aqueous DMS production. Monte Carlo-based estimations of sea-to-air\udfluxes of gaseous DMS showed that reefs may release 0.1 to 26.3 µmol\udDMS m−2 coral surface area (CSA) d−1 into the atmosphere with\ud40 % probability for rates between 0.5 and 1.5 µmol m−2\udCSA d−1. These predictions were in agreement with directly quantified\udfluxes in previous studies. Conversion to a flux normalised to sea surface\udarea (SSA) (range 0.1 to 17.4, with the highest probability for 0.3 to\ud1.0 µmol DMS m−2 SSA d−1) suggests that coral reefs\udemit gaseous DMS at lower rates than the average global oceanic DMS flux of\ud4.6 µmol m−2 SSA d−1 (19.6 Tg sulfur per year). The\udlarge difference between simulated gross and quantified net aqueous DMS\udproduction in corals suggests that the current and future potential for its\udproduction in tropical reefs is critically governed by DMS consumption\udprocesses. Hence, more research is required to assess the sensitivity of\udDMS-consumption pathways to ongoing environmental change in order to address the\udimpact of predicted degradation of coral reefs on DMS production in tropical\udcoastal ecosystems and its impact on future atmospheric DMS concentrations\udand climate

biogeosciences

Quantification of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production in the sea anemone &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Aiptasia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; sp. to simulate the sea-to-air flux from coral reefs