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Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable toclimate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases;it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organicmatter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment corefrom the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancientDNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter,and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditionsduring deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen andnon-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plantcommunity including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollenrecord we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dryenvironmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance ofeither terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of thepolygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP(13.4–11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrubtundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollenalso records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relativeproportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richnesswas less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages ofusing sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossilsare rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides adetailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matterthroughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowingfor inferences of regional environmental conditions

biogeosciences

Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)