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Paleogeographic reconstructions are important to understand Earth's tectonic\udevolution, past eustatic and regional sea level change, paleoclimate and\udocean circulation, deep Earth resources and to constrain and interpret the\uddynamic topography predicted by mantle convection models. Global\udpaleogeographic maps have been compiled and published, but they are generally\udpresented as static maps with varying map projections, different time\udintervals represented by the maps and different plate motion models that\udunderlie the paleogeographic reconstructions. This makes it difficult to\udconvert the maps into a digital form and link them to alternative digital\udplate tectonic reconstructions. To address this limitation, we develop a\udworkflow to restore global paleogeographic maps to their present-day\udcoordinates and enable them to be linked to a different tectonic\udreconstruction. We use marine fossil collections from the Paleobiology\udDatabase to identify inconsistencies between their indicative\udpaleoenvironments and published paleogeographic maps, and revise the\udlocations of inferred paleo-coastlines that represent the estimated maximum\udtransgression surfaces by resolving these inconsistencies. As a result, the\udconsistency ratio between the paleogeography and the paleoenvironments\udindicated by the marine fossil collections is increased from an average of\ud75 % to nearly full consistency (100 %). The paleogeography in the\udmain regions of North America, South America, Europe and Africa is\udsignificantly revised, especially in the Late Carboniferous, Middle Permian,\udTriassic, Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and most of the Cenozoic. The global\udflooded continental areas since the Early Devonian calculated from the\udrevised paleogeography in this study are generally consistent with results\udderived from other paleoenvironment and paleo-lithofacies data and with the\udstrontium isotope record in marine carbonates. We also estimate the\udterrestrial areal change over time associated with transferring\udreconstruction, filling gaps and modifying the paleogeographic geometries\udbased on the paleobiology test. This indicates that the variation of the\udunderlying plate reconstruction is the main factor that contributes to the\udterrestrial areal change, and the effect of revising paleogeographic\udgeometries based on paleobiology is secondary

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology