English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The stoichiometry of biological components and their influence on dissolved\uddistributions have long been of interest in the study of the oceans. Cobalt\udhas the smallest oceanic inventory of inorganic micronutrients and hence is\udparticularly vulnerable to influence by internal oceanic processes including\udeuphotic zone uptake, remineralization, and scavenging. Here we observe not\udonly large variations in dCo : P stoichiometry but also the acceleration of\udthose dCo : P ratios in the upper water column in response to several\udenvironmental processes. The ecological stoichiometry of total dissolved\udcobalt (dCo) was examined using data from a US North Atlantic GEOTRACES\udtransect and from a zonal South Atlantic GEOTRACES-compliant transect\ud(GA03/3_e and GAc01) by Redfieldian analysis of its\udstatistical relationships with the macronutrient phosphate. Trends in the\uddissolved cobalt to phosphate (dCo : P) stoichiometric relationships were\udevident in the basin-scale vertical structure of cobalt, with positive dCo : P\udslopes in the euphotic zone and negative slopes found in the ocean interior\udand in coastal environments. The euphotic positive slopes were often found to\udaccelerate towards the surface and this was interpreted as being due to the\udcombined influence of depleted phosphate, phosphorus-sparing (conserving)\udmechanisms, increased alkaline phosphatase metalloenzyme production (a zinc\udor perhaps cobalt enzyme), and biochemical substitution of Co for depleted\udZn. Consistent with this, dissolved Zn (dZn) was found to be drawn down to\udonly 2-fold more than dCo, despite being more than 18-fold more abundant in\udthe ocean interior. Particulate cobalt concentrations increased in abundance\udfrom the base of the euphotic zone to become  ∼  10 % of the\udoverall cobalt inventory in the upper euphotic zone with high stoichiometric\udvalues of  ∼  400 µmol Co mol<sup>−1</sup> P. Metaproteomic\udresults from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station found\udcyanobacterial isoforms of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme to be prevalent in\udthe upper water column, as well as a sulfolipid biosynthesis protein\udindicative of P sparing. The negative dCo : P relationships in the ocean\udinterior became increasingly vertical with depth, and were consistent with\udthe sum of scavenging and remineralization processes (as shown by their dCo : P\udvector sums). Attenuation of the remineralization with depth resulted in the\udincreasingly vertical dCo : P relationships. Analysis of particulate Co with\udparticulate Mn and particulate phosphate also showed positive linear\udrelationships below the euphotic zone, consistent with the presence and\udincreased relative influence of Mn oxide particles involved in scavenging.\udVisualization of dCo : P slopes across an ocean section revealed hotspots of\udscavenging and remineralization, such as at the hydrothermal vents and below\udthe oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) region, respectively, while that of an estimate\udof Co* illustrated stoichiometrically depleted values in the mesopelagic and\uddeep ocean due to scavenging. This study provides insights into the coupling\udbetween the dissolved and particulate phase that ultimately creates Redfield\udstoichiometric ratios, demonstrating that the coupling is not an\udinstantaneous process and is influenced by the element inventory and rate of\udexchange between phases. Cobalt's small water column inventory and the\udinfluence of external factors on its biotic stoichiometry can erode its\udlimited inertia and result in an acceleration of the dissolved stoichiometry\udtowards that of the particulate phase in the upper euphotic zone. As human\uduse of cobalt grows exponentially with widespread adoption of lithium ion\udbatteries, there is a potential to affect the limited biogeochemical inertia\udof cobalt and its resultant ecology in the oceanic euphotic zone

The acceleration of dissolved cobalt's ecological stoichiometry due to biological uptake, remineralization, and scavenging in the Atlantic Ocean