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At the northernmost extent of the managed forest in Quebec, Canada,\udthe boreal forest is currently undergoing an ecological transition between\udtwo forest ecosystems. Open lichen woodlands (LW) are spreading southward at\udthe expense of more productive closed-canopy black spruce–moss forests (MF).\udThe objective of this study was to investigate whether soil properties could\uddistinguish MF from LW in the transition zone where both ecosystem types\udcoexist. This study brings out clear evidence that differences in vegetation\udcover can lead to significant variations in soil physical and geochemical\udproperties.  Here, we showed that soil carbon, exchangeable cations, and iron and\udaluminium crystallinity vary between boreal closed-canopy forests and open\udlichen woodlands, likely attributed to variations in soil microclimatic\udconditions. All the soils studied were typical podzolic soil profiles\udevolved from glacial till deposits that shared a similar texture of the C\udlayer. However, soil humus and the B layer varied in thickness and chemistry\udbetween the two forest ecosystems at the pedon scale. Multivariate analyses\udof variance were used to evaluate how soil properties could help distinguish\udthe two types at the site scale. MF humus (FH horizons horizons composing the O layer) showed significantly\udhigher concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen and of the main\udexchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg) than LW soils. The B horizon of LW sites\udheld higher concentrations of total Al and Fe oxides and particularly\udgreater concentrations of inorganic amorphous Fe oxides than MF mineral\udsoils, while showing a thinner B layer. Overall, our results show that MF\udstore three times more organic carbon in their soils (B+FH horizons, roots\udapart) than LW. We suggest that variations in soil properties between MF and\udLW are linked to a cascade of events involving the impacts of natural\uddisturbances such as wildfires on forest regeneration that determines the\udvegetation structure (stand density) and composition (ground cover type) and\udtheir subsequent consequences on soil environmental parameters (moisture,\udradiation rate, redox conditions, etc.). Our data underline significant\uddifferences in soil biogeochemistry under different forest ecosystems and\udreveal the importance of interactions in the soil–vegetation–climate\udsystem for the determination of soil composition

Boreal coniferous forest density leads to significant variations in soil physical and geochemical properties