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Boreal headwaters are often lined by strips of highly organic\udsoils, which are the last terrestrial environment to leave an imprint on\uddischarging groundwater before it enters a stream. Because these riparian\udsoils are so different from the Podzol soils that dominate much of the boreal\udlandscape, they are known to have a major impact on the biogeochemistry of\udimportant elements such as C, N, P and Fe and the transfer of these elements\udfrom terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. For most elements, however, the role\udof the riparian zone has remained unclear, although it should be expected\udthat the mobility of many elements is affected by changes in, for example,\udpH, redox potential and concentration of organic carbon as they are\udtransported through the riparian zone. Therefore, soil water and groundwater\udwas sampled at different depths along a 22 m hillslope transect in the\udKrycklan catchment in northern Sweden using soil lysimeters and analysed for\uda large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr,\udCs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn,\udZr) and other parameters such as sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC). The\udresults showed that the concentrations of most investigated elements\udincreased substantially (up to 60 times) as the water flowed from the uphill\udmineral soils and into the riparian zone, largely as a result of higher TOC\udconcentrations. The stream water concentrations of these elements were\udtypically somewhat lower than in the riparian zone, but still considerably\udhigher than in the uphill mineral soils, which suggests that riparian soils\udhave a decisive impact on the water quality of boreal streams. The degree of\udenrichment in the riparian zone for different elements could be linked to the\udaffinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly\udelevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic\udsubstances. One likely explanation is that the solubility of many\udorganophilic elements increases as a result of the higher concentrations of\udTOC in the riparian zone. Elements with low or modest affinity for organic\udmatter (e.g. Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca) occurred in similar or lower\udconcentrations in the riparian zone. Despite the elevated concentrations of\udmany elements in riparian soil water and groundwater, no increase in the\udconcentrations in biota could be observed (bilberry leaves and spruce\udshoots)

From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream