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We hypothesize that phytoplankton have the sequentialnutrient uptake strategy to maintain nutrient stoichiometry and high primaryproductivity in the water column. According to this hypothesis, phytoplanktontake up the most limiting nutrient first until depletion, continue todraw down non-limiting nutrients and then take up the most limiting nutrientrapidly when it is available. These processes would result in the variationof ambient nutrient ratios in the water column around the Redfield ratio. Weused high-resolution continuous vertical profiles of nutrients, nutrientratios and on-board ship incubation experiments to test this hypothesis inthe Strait of Georgia. At the surface in summer, ambient NO3− wasdepleted with excess PO43− and SiO4− remaining, and as aresult, both N : P and N : Si ratios were low. The two ratios increased toabout 10 : 1 and 0. 45 : 1, respectively, at 20 m. Time series of verticalprofiles showed that the leftover PO43− continued to be removed,resulting in additional phosphorus storage by phytoplankton. The N : Pratios at the nutricline in vertical profiles responded differently to mixingevents. Field incubation of seawater samples also demonstrated the sequentialuptake of NO3− (the most limiting nutrient) and then PO43−and SiO4− (the non-limiting nutrients). This sequential uptakestrategy allows phytoplankton to acquire additional cellular phosphorus andsilicon when they are available and wait for nitrogen to become availablethrough frequent mixing of NO3− (or pulsed regenerated NH4).Thus, phytoplankton are able to maintain high productivity and balancenutrient stoichiometry by taking advantage of vigorous mixing regimes withthe capacity of the stoichiometric plasticity. To our knowledge, this is thefirst study to show the in situ dynamics of continuous vertical profiles ofN : P and N : Si ratios, which can provide insight into the in situdynamics of nutrient stoichiometry in the water column and the inference ofthe transient status of phytoplankton nutrient stoichiometry in the coastalocean

Sequential nutrient uptake as a potential mechanism for phytoplankton to maintain high primary productivity and balanced nutrient stoichiometry