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In a stratified water column, the nitracline is a layer where the nitrateconcentration increases below the nutrient-depleted upper layer, exhibiting astrong vertical gradient in the euphotic zone. The subsurface chlorophyllmaximum layer (SCML) forms near the bottom of the euphotic zone, acting as atrap to diminish the upward nutrient supply. Depth and steepness of thenitracline are important measurable parameters related to the verticaltransport of nitrate into the euphotic zone. The correlation between the SCMLand the nitracline has been widely reported in the literature, but theanalytic solution for the relationship between them is not well established.By incorporating a piecewise function for the approximate Gaussian verticalprofile of chlorophyll, we derive analytical solutions of a specifiednutrient–phytoplankton model. The model is well suited to explain basicdependencies between a nitracline and an SCML. The analytical solution showsthat the nitracline depth is deeper than the depth of the SCML, shoaling withan increase in the light attenuation coefficient and with a decrease insurface light intensity. The inverse proportional relationship between thelight level at the nitracline depth and the maximum rate of new primaryproduction is derived. Analytic solutions also show that a thinner SCMLcorresponds to a steeper nitracline. The nitracline steepness is positivelyrelated to the light attenuation coefficient but independent of surface lightintensity. The derived equations of the nitracline in relation to the SCMLprovide further insight into the important role of the nitracline in marinepelagic ecosystems

Analytical solution of the nitracline with the evolution of subsurface chlorophyll maximum in stratified water columns