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Planktic foraminifera were collected with 150 µm BONGO nets fromthe upper 200 m water depth at 20 stations across the Mediterranean Seabetween 2 May and 2 June 2013. The main aim is to characterize the speciesdistribution and test the covariance between foraminiferal area density(ρA) and seawater carbonate chemistry in a biogeochemicalgradient including ultraoligotrophic conditions. Average foraminiferaabundances are 1.42 ± 1.43 ind. 10 m−3 (ranging from 0.11 to5.20 ind. 10 m−3), including 12 morphospecies. Large differencesin species assemblages and total abundances are observed between thedifferent Mediterranean sub-basins, with an overall dominance of spinose,symbiont-bearing species indicating oligotrophic conditions. The highestvalues in absolute abundance are found in the Strait of Gibraltar and theAlboran Sea. The western basin is dominated by Globorotalia inflataand Globigerina bulloides at slightly lower standing stocks than inthe eastern basin. In contrast, the planktic foraminiferal assemblage in thewarmer, saltier, and more nutrient-limited eastern basin is dominated byGlobigerinoides ruber (white). These new results, when combined withprevious findings, suggest that temperature-induced surface waterstratification and food availability are the main factors controllingforaminiferal distribution. In the oligotrophic and highly alkaline andsupersaturated with respect to calcite and aragonite Mediterranean surfacewater, standing stocks and ρA of G. ruber (white) andG. bulloides are affected by both food availability and seawatercarbonate chemistry. Rapid warming increased surface ocean stratificationimpacting food availability and changes in trophic conditions could be thecauses of reduced foraminiferal abundance, diversity, and species-specificchanges in planktic foraminiferal calcification

Low planktic foraminiferal diversity and abundance observed in a spring 2013 west–east Mediterranean Sea plankton tow transect