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Nitrogen and water availability alter canopy structure andphysiology, and thus crop growth, yielding large impacts onecosystem-regulating/production provisions. However, to date, explicitly quantifyingsuch impacts remains challenging partially due to lack of adequatemethodology to capture spatial dimensions of ecosystem changes associatedwith nitrogen and water effects. A data fitting, where close-rangeremote-sensing measurements of vegetation indices derived from a handheldinstrument and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system are linked to in situleaf and canopy photosynthetic traits, was applied to capture and interpretinter- and intra-field variations in gross primary productivity (GPP) inlowland rice grown under flooded conditions (paddy rice, PD) subject to threenitrogen application rates and under rainfed conditions (RF) in an East Asianmonsoon region of South Korea. Spatial variations (SVs) in both GPP and lightuse efficiency (LUEcabs) early in the growing season were enlarged bynitrogen addition. The nutritional effects narrowed over time. A shift in plantingculture from flooded to rainfed conditions strengthened SVs in GPP andLUEcabs. Intervention of prolonged drought late in the growingseason dramatically intensified SVs that were supposed to seasonallydecrease. Nevertheless, nitrogen addition effects on SV of LUEcabsat the early growth stage made PD fields exert greater SVs than RF fields. SVs ofGPP across PD and RF rice fields were likely related to leaf area index (LAI)development less than to LUEcabs, while numerical analysis suggestedthat considering strength in LUEcabs and its spatial variation for thesame crop type tends to be vital for better evaluation in landscape/regionalpatterns of ecosystem photosynthetic productivity at critical phenologystages

biogeosciences

Linking canopy reflectance to crop structure and photosynthesis to capture and interpret spatiotemporal dimensions of per-field photosynthetic productivity