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The Baltic Sea is the world's largest area suffering fromeutrophication-driven hypoxia. Low oxygen levels are threatening itsbiodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The main causes foreutrophication-driven hypoxia are high nutrient loadings and global warming.Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) contribute to eutrophication as they areimportant sources of nitrogen to coastal areas. Here, we evaluated theeffects of wastewater treatment plant effluent inputs on Baltic Seaplanktonic communities in four experiments. We tested for effects of effluentinputs on chlorophyll <i>a</i> content, bacterial community composition, andmetabolic rates: gross primary production (GPP), net community production(NCP), community respiration (CR) and bacterial production (BP).Nitrogen-rich dissolved organic matter (DOM) inputs from effluents increasedbacterial production and decreased primary production and communityrespiration. Nutrient amendments and seasonally variable environmentalconditions lead to lower alpha-diversity and shifts in bacterial communitycomposition (e.g. increased abundance of a few cyanobacterial populations inthe summer experiment), concomitant with changes in metabolic rates. Anincrease in BP and decrease in CR could be caused by high lability of theDOM that can support secondary bacterial production, without an increase inrespiration. Increases in bacterial production and simultaneous decreases ofprimary production lead to more carbon being consumed in the microbial loop,and may shift the ecosystem towards heterotrophy

Effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent inputs on planktonic metabolic rates and microbial community composition in the Baltic Sea