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The input of recently photosynthesized C has significantimplications on soil organic C sequestration, and in paddy soils, bothplants and soil microbes contribute to the overall C input. In the presentstudy, we investigated the fate and priming effect of organic C fromdifferent sources by conducting a 300-day incubation study with four different13C-labelled substrates: rice shoots (shoot-C), rice roots (root-C),rice rhizodeposits (rhizo-C), and microbe-assimilated C (micro-C). Theefflux of both 13CO2 and 13CH4 indicated that themineralization of C in shoot-C-, root-C-, rhizo-C-, and micro-C-treatedsoils rapidly increased at the beginning of the incubation anddecreased gradually afterwards. The highest cumulative C mineralization wasobserved in root-C-treated soil (45.4 %), followed by shoot-C- (31.9 %),rhizo-C- (7.90 %), and micro-C-treated (7.70 %) soils, whichcorresponded with mean residence times of 39.5, 50.3, 66.2, and 195 days,respectively. Shoot and root addition increased C emission from native soil organiccarbon (SOC),up to 11.4 and 2.3 times higher than that of the control soil by day 20, anddecreased thereafter. Throughout the incubation period, the priming effectof shoot-C on CO2 and CH4 emission was strongly positive; however,root-C did not exhibit a significant positive priming effect. Although thetotal C contents of rhizo-C- (1.89 %) and micro-C-treated soils (1.90 %)were higher than those of untreated soil (1.81 %), no significantdifferences in cumulative C emissions were observed. Given that about0.3 and 0.1 % of the cumulative C emission were derived from labelledrhizo-C and micro-C, we concluded that the soil organic C-derived emissionswere lower in rhizo-C- and micro-C-treated soils than in untreated soil.This indicates that rhizodeposits and microbe-assimilated C could be used toreduce the mineralization of native SOC and to effectivelyimprove soil C sequestration. The contrasting behaviour of the differentphotosynthesized C substrates suggests that recycling rice roots in paddiesis more beneficial than recycling shoots and demonstrates the importance ofincreasing rhizodeposits and microbe-assimilated C in paddy soils via nutrientmanagement

Fate of rice shoot and root residues, rhizodeposits, and microbe-assimilated carbon in paddy soil – Part 1: Decomposition and priming effect