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Nitrogen (N) deposition is generally considered to increase soil nitrousoxide (N2O) emission in N-rich forests. In many tropical forests,however, elevated N deposition has caused soil N enrichment and furtherphosphorus (P) deficiency, and the interaction of N and P to control soilN2O emission remains poorly understood, particularly in forests withdifferent soil N status. In this study, we examined the effects of N and Padditions on soil N2O emission in an N-rich old-growth forest and twoN-limited younger forests (a mixed and a pine forest) in southern China totest the following hypotheses: (1) soil N2O emission is the highest inold-growth forest due to the N-rich soil; (2) N addition increases N2Oemission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; (3) P addition decreases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than inthe two younger forests; and (4) P addition alleviates the stimulation ofN2O emission by N addition. The following four treatments wereestablished in each forest: Control, N addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), P addition(150 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 plus 150 kg P ha−1 yr−1). From February2007 to October 2009, monthly quantification of soil N2O emission wasperformed using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. MeanN2O emission was shown to be significantly higher in the old-growthforest (13.9 ± 0.7 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) than in themixed (9.9 ± 0.4 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) or pine (10.8 ± 0.5 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) forests, with nosignificant difference between the latter two. N addition significantlyincreased N2O emission in the old-growth forest but not in the twoyounger forests. However, both P and NP addition had no significant effecton N2O emission in all three forests, suggesting that P additionalleviated the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition in theold-growth forest. Although P fertilization may alleviate the stimulatedeffects of atmospheric N deposition on N2O emission in N-rich forests,this effect may only occur under high N deposition and/or long-term Paddition, and we suggest future investigations to definitively assess thismanagement strategy and the importance of P in regulating N cycles fromregional to global scales

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emission in a nitrogen-rich and two nitrogen-limited tropical forests