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Soil organic matter (SOM) forms the largest terrestrial pool of carbonoutside of sedimentary rocks. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool for assessingsoil organic matter dynamics. However, due to the nature of the measurement,extensive 14C studies of soil systems remain relatively rare. Inparticular, information on the extent of spatial and temporal variability in14C contents of soils is limited, yet this information is crucial forestablishing the range of baseline properties and for detecting potentialmodifications to the SOM pool. This study describes a comprehensive approachto explore heterogeneity in bulk SOM 14C in Swiss forest soils thatencompass diverse landscapes and climates. We examine spatial variability insoil organic carbon (SOC) 14C, SOC content and C : N ratios over bothregional climatic and geologic gradients, on the watershed- and plot-scaleand within soil profiles. Results reveal (1) a relatively uniform radiocarbonsignal across climatic and geologic gradients in Swiss forest topsoils(0–5 cm, Δ14C  =  130 ± 28.6, n = 12 sites), (2) similarradiocarbon trends with soil depth despite dissimilar environmentalconditions, and (3) micro-topography dependent, plot-scale variability thatis similar in magnitude to regional-scale variability (e.g., Gleysol,0–5 cm, Δ14C 126 ± 35.2, n = 8 adjacent plots of10  ×  10 m). Statistical analyses have additionally shown thatΔ14C signature in the topsoil is not significantly correlated toclimatic parameters (precipitation, elevation, primary production) exceptmean annual temperature at 0–5 cm. These observations have importantconsequences for SOM carbon stability modelling assumptions, as well as forthe understanding of controls on past and current soil carbon dynamics

biogeosciences

Variability in &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C contents of soil organic matter at the plot and regional scale across climatic and geologic gradients