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Due to the large size (e.g. sections of tree trunks) and highly heterogeneousspatial distribution of deadwood, the timescales involved in the coarsewoody debris (CWD) decay of Picea abies (L.) Karst. andLarix decidua Mill. in Alpine forests are largely unknown. Weinvestigated the CWD decay dynamics in an Alpine valley in Italy using thechronosequence approach and the five-decay class system that is based on amacromorphological assessment. For the decay classes 1–3, most of thedendrochronological samples were cross-dated to assess the time that hadelapsed since tree death, but for decay classes 4 and 5 (poorly preservedtree rings) radiocarbon dating was used. In addition, density, cellulose, andlignin data were measured for the dated CWD. The decay rate constants forspruce and larch were estimated on the basis of the density loss using asingle negative exponential model, a regression approach, and the stage-basedmatrix model. In the decay classes 1–3, the ages of the CWD were similar andvaried between 1 and 54 years for spruce and 3 and 40 years for larch, with nosignificant differences between the classes; classes 1–3 are therefore notindicative of deadwood age. This seems to be due to a time lag between thedeath of a standing tree and its contact with the soil. We found distincttree-species-specific differences in decay classes 4 and 5, with larch CWDreaching an average age of 210 years in class 5 and spruce only 77 years. Themean CWD rate constants were estimated to be in the range 0.018 to0.022 y−1 for spruce and to about 0.012 y−1 for larch.Snapshot sampling (chronosequences) may overestimate the age and meanresidence time of CWD. No sampling bias was, however, detectable using thestage-based matrix model. Cellulose and lignin time trends could be derivedon the basis of the ages of the CWD. The half-lives for cellulose were21 years for spruce and 50 years for larch. The half-life of lignin isconsiderably higher and may be more than 100 years in larch CWD.Consequently, the decay of Picea abies and Larix decidua isvery low. Several uncertainties, however, remain: 14C dating of CWD fromdecay classes 4 and 5 and having a pre-bomb age is often difficult (large agerange due to methodological constraints) and fall rates of both Europeanlarch and Norway spruce are missing

biogeosciences

Time since death and decay rate constants of Norway spruce and European larch deadwood in subalpine forests determined using dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating