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Ponds and lakes are widespread across the rapidly changing permafrostenvironments. Aquatic systems play an important role in globalbiogeochemical cycles, especially in greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges betweenterrestrial systems and the atmosphere. The source, speciation and emissionrateof carbon released from permafrost landscapes are strongly influenced bylocal conditions, hindering pan-Arctic generalizations. This study reportson GHG ages and emission rates from aquatic systems located on Bylot Island,in the continuous permafrost zone of the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Dissolvedand ebullition gas samples were collected during the summer season fromdifferent types of water bodies located in a highly dynamic periglacialvalley: polygonal ponds, collapsed ice-wedge trough ponds, and larger lakes.The results showed strikingly different ages and fluxes depending on aquaticsystem types. Polygonal ponds were net sinks of dissolved CO2, butvariable sources of dissolved CH4. They presented the highestebullition fluxes, 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than from otherponds and lakes. Trough ponds appeared as substantial GHG sources,especially when their edges were actively eroding. Both types of pondsproduced modern to hundreds of years old (< 550 yr BP) GHG, even iftrough ponds could contain much older carbon (> 2000 yr BP)derived from freshly eroded peat. Lakes had small dissolved and ebullitionfluxes, however they released much older GHG, including millennium-oldCH4 (up to 3500 yr BP) from lake central areas. Acetoclasticmethanogenesis dominated at all study sites and there was minimal, if any,methane oxidation in gas emitted through ebullition. These findings providenew insights on GHG emissions by permafrost aquatic systems and theirpotential positive feedback effect on climate

Modern to millennium-old greenhouse gases emitted from ponds and lakes of the Eastern Canadian Arctic (Bylot Island, Nunavut)