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Natural peatlands are important carbon sinks and sources of methane(CH4). In contrast, drained peatlands turn from a carbon sink to acarbon source and potentially emit nitrous oxide (N2O). Rewetting ofpeatlands thus potentially implies climate change mitigation. However, dataabout the time span that is needed for the re-establishment of the carbonsink function by restoration are scarce. We therefore investigated the annualgreenhouse gas (GHG) balances of three differently vegetated sites of a bogecosystem 30 years after rewetting. All threevegetation communities turned out to be sources of carbon dioxide (CO2)ranging between 0.6 ± 1.43 t CO2 ha−2 yr−1(Sphagnum-dominated vegetation) and 3.09 ± 3.86 t CO2 ha−2 yr−1 (vegetation dominated by heath).While accounting for the different global warming potential (GWP) ofCO2, CH4 and N2O, the annual GHG balance was calculated.Emissions ranged between 25 and 53 t CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 and were dominated by largeemissions of CH4 (22–51 t CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1),with highest rates found at purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea) stands. These are to ourknowledge the highest CH4 emissions so far reported for bog ecosystemsin temperate Europe. As the restored area was subject to large fluctuationsin the water table, we assume that the high CH4 emission rates were causedby a combination of both the temporal inundation of the easily decomposableplant litter of purple moor grass and the plant-mediated transport throughits tissues. In addition, as a result of the land use history, mixed soilmaterial due to peat extraction and refilling can serve as an explanation.With regards to the long time span passed since rewetting, we note that theinitial increase in CH4 emissions due to rewetting as described in theliterature is not inevitably limited to a short-term period

High methane emissions dominated annual greenhouse gas balances 30 years after bog rewetting