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The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt andco-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2–carbonate chemistry of sea-icemelt (both above sea-ice as "melt ponds" and below sea-ice as "interfacewaters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the earlysummer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (∼0.5 to<6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ∼20 to<550 μmol kg−1) and total alkalinity (TA; ∼30 to<500 μmol kg−1) of above-ice melt pond water was lowcompared to the co-located underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure ofCO2 (pCO2) in these melt ponds was highly variable(∼<10 to >1500 μatm) with the majority of melt pondsacting as potentially strong sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pH ofmelt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (>8.2 to 10.8). Allof the observed melt ponds had very low (<0.1) saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals such as aragonite (Ωaragonite). Our data suggest that sea-ice generated alkaline oracidic type melt pond water. This melt water chemistry dictates whether theponds are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere or CO2 sinks. Below-iceinterface water CO2–carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantialgeneration of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of CaCO3 insea-ice. The interface waters generally had lower pCO2 and higherpH/Ωaragonite than the co-located mixed layer beneath.Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed-layer pCO2,thereby enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO2 from theatmosphere. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-iceCO2–carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to thecomplex factors that influence the balance of CO2 sinks and sources (andthereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapidwarming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean

biogeosciences

Sea-ice melt CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;–carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice