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Initial soil development and enhanced nutrient retention are often importantunderlying environmental factors during primary succession. We quantifiedthe accumulation rates of nitrogen (N) and soil organic matter (SOM) in a37-year-long chronosequence of Leymus arenarius dunes on the pristine volcanic island Surtseyin order to illuminate the spatiotemporal patterns in their build-up. TheLeymus dune area, volume and height grew exponentially over time. Abovegroundplant biomass, cover or number of shoots per unit area did not changesignificantly with time, but root biomass accumulated with time, giving aroot / shoot ratio of 19. The dunes accumulated on average 6.6 kg N ha−1 year−1,which was 3.5 times more than is received annually byatmospheric deposition. The extensive root system of Leymus seems to effectivelyretain and accumulate a large part of the annual N deposition, not onlydeposition directly on the dunes but also from the adjacent unvegetatedareas. SOM per unit area increased exponentially with dune age, but theaccumulation of roots, aboveground biomass and SOM was more strongly linkedto soil N than time: a 1 g m−2 increase in soil N led on average to a 6 kg C m−2 increasein biomass and SOM. The Leymus dunes, where most of the Nhas been accumulated, will therefore probably act as hot spots for furtherprimary succession of flora and fauna on the tephra sands of Surtsey

biogeosciences

Accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter during primary succession of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Leymus arenarius&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; dunes on the volcanic island Surtsey, Iceland