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Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in surface waterand vertical profiles of the carbonate system parameters were measuredduring austral summer in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean(64–67° S, 32–58° E) in January 2006 to understand theCO2 dynamics of seawater in the seasonal ice zone. Surface-waterpCO2 ranged from 275 to 400 μatm, and longitudinal variationsreflected the dominant influence of water temperature and dilution bysea ice meltwater between 32 and 40° E and biologicalproductivity between 40 and 58° E. Using carbonatesystem data from the temperature minimum layer(−1.9 °C < T < −1.5 °C, 34.2 < S < 34.5), we examinedthe winter-to-summer evolution of surface-water pCO2 and the factorsaffecting it. Our results indicate that pCO2 increased by as much as 32 μatm,resulting mainly from the increase in water temperature. At the same time as changes in sea ice concentration and surface-water pCO2,the air–sea CO2 flux, which consists of the exchange of CO2 between sea iceand atmosphere, changed from −1.1 to +0.9 mmol C m−2 day−1between winter and summer. These results suggest that, for the atmosphere,the seasonal ice zone acts as a CO2 sink in winter and a temporaryCO2 source in summer immediately after the retreat of sea ice.Subsequent biological productivity likely decreases surface-water pCO2and the air–sea CO2 flux becomes negative, such that in summer the studyarea is again a CO2 sink with respect to the atmosphere

biogeosciences

Winter-to-summer evolution of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in surface water and air–sea CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean