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In the last decade, Europe has been stricken by two outstanding heatwaves,the 2003 event in western Europe and the 2010 episode over Russia. Bothevents were characterized by record-breaking temperatures and widespreadsocio-economic impacts, including significant increments on human mortality,decreases in crop yields and in hydroelectric production.  Previous works have shown that an extreme climatic event does not alwaysimply an extreme response by ecosystems. This work attempts to assess howextreme was the vegetation response to the heatwaves during 2003 and 2010 inEurope, in order to quantify the impacts of the two events on carbon fluxesin plant productivity and to identify the physical drivers of the observedresponse.  Heatwave impacts in vegetation productivity were analysed using MODISproducts from 2000 to 2011. Both 2003 and 2010 events led to marked decreasesin plant productivity, well below the climatological range of variability,with carbon uptake by vegetation during August reaching negative anomalies ofmore than 2 standard deviations, although the 2010 event affected a muchlarger extent. A differentiated response in autotrophic respiration wasobserved, depending on land-cover types, with forests increasing respirationrates in response to the heatwaves, while in crops respiration ratesdecreased.  The widespread decrease in carbon uptake matched the regions where very hightemperature values were also preceded by a long period of below-averageprecipitation, leading to strong soil moisture deficits. In the case of the 2003heatwave, results indicate that moisture deficits coupled with hightemperatures drove the extreme response of vegetation, while for the 2010event very high temperatures appear to be the sole driver of very lowproductivity

Analysing the spatio-temporal impacts of the 2003 and 2010 extreme heatwaves on plant productivity in Europe