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Anthropogenic carbon is responsible for both global warming and oceanacidification. Efforts are underway to understand the role of ocean in a highCO2 world on a global context. However, marginal seas received littleattention despite their significant contribution to biogeochemical cycles.Here we report the CO2 increase and ocean acidification in the surfacewaters of the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea, and possible causesare discussed. Fourteen observations of surface fCO2 were made in theperiod from 1995 to 2009. The contribution of temperature variation to theseasonality of fCO2 was almost equivalent to the non-thermal effect inthe UB. However, the difference of relative contribution with the seasonmakes two seasonal peaks of fCO2 in the surface water of the UB.Non-thermal effect contributed to the surface fCO2 drawdown in summer,whereas the surface fCO2 elevation in winter. The decadal trend offCO2 increment was estimated by harmonic analysis. The estimated ratesof increase of fCO2 were 1.8 ± 0.4 μatm yr−1 forthe atmosphere and 2.7 ± 1.1 μatm yr−1 for the surfacewater. The ocean acidification trend, calculated from total alkalinity andfCO2, was estimated to be −0.03 ± 0.02 pH units decade−1.These rates seem to be higher than observations at most other oceantime-series sites during the same period of time. Sustained observations arerequired to understand more accurate trend in this area

biogeosciences

Long-term trend of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and ocean acidification in the surface water of the Ulleung Basin, the East/Japan Sea inferred from the underway observational data