English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Calcifying foraminifera are expected to be endangered by ocean acidification;however, the response of a complete community kept in natural sediment andover multiple generations under controlled laboratory conditions has not beenconstrained to date. During 6 months of incubation, foraminiferal assemblageswere kept and treated in natural sediment with pCO2-enriched seawaterof 430, 907, 1865 and 3247 μatm pCO2. The fauna wasdominated by Ammonia aomoriensis and Elphidium species,whereas agglutinated species were rare. After 6 months of incubation, porewater alkalinity was much higher in comparison to the overlying seawater.Consequently, the saturation state of Ωcalc was much higherin the sediment than in the water column in nearly all pCO2 treatmentsand remained close to saturation. As a result, the life cycle (populationdensity, growth and reproduction) of living assemblages varied markedlyduring the experimental period, but was largely unaffected by the pCO2treatments applied. According to the size–frequency distribution, weconclude that foraminifera start reproduction at a diameter of250 μm. Mortality of living Ammonia aomoriensis wasunaffected, whereas size of large and dead tests decreased with elevatedpCO2 from 285 μm (pCO2 from 430 to1865 μatm) to 258 μm (pCO2 3247 μatm).The total organic content of living Ammonia aomoriensis has beendetermined to be 4.3% of CaCO3 weight. Living individuals had acalcium carbonate production rate of 0.47 g m−2 a−1, whereasdead empty tests accumulated a rate of 0.27 g m−2 a−1. AlthoughΩcalc was close to 1, approximately 30% of the emptytests of Ammonia aomoriensis showed dissolution features at highpCO2 of 3247 μatm during the last 2 months of incubation. Incontrast, tests of the subdominant species, Elphidium incertum,stayed intact. Our results emphasize that the sensitivity to oceanacidification of the endobenthic foraminifera Ammonia aomoriensis intheir natural sediment habitat is much lower compared to the experimentalresponse of specimens isolated from the sediment

Response of benthic foraminifera to ocean acidification in their natural sediment environment: a long-term culturing experiment