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The main processes underlying the generation and maintenance of biodiversityinclude both local factors such as competition and abiotic filtering andregional forces such as paleoclimate, speciation and dispersal. While theeffects of regional and local drivers on species diversity are increasinglystudied, their relative importance for other aspects of diversity, notablyphylogenetic and functional diversity is so far little studied. Here, welink data from large Chinese forest plots to data on current and LastGlacial Maximum (LGM) climate as well as local disturbance regimes to studytheir relative roles in determining woody plant phylogenetic and functionaldiversity in this important hotspot for woody plant diversity. Localdisturbance was the best predictor of functional diversity as represented bymaximum canopy height (Hmax), probably reflecting the dominant role ofcompetition for light in determining the forest Hmax structure. Incontrast, the LGM–present anomaly in temperature was the factor with thestrongest explanatory power for phylogenetic diversity, with modern climatealso important. Hence, local contemporary and regional historical factorshave highly contrasting importance for the geographic patterns of thefunctional (as represented by variation in maximum canopy height) andphylogenetic aspects of Chinese forest's woody plant diversity. Importantly,contemporary factors are of overriding importance for functional diversity,while paleoclimate has left a strong signature in the phylogeneticdiversity patterns

Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and paleoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in Chinese forests