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Estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from forests are basedon the assumption that foliage has a steady emission potential over itslifetime, and that emissions are mainly modified by short-term variations inlight and temperature. However, in many field studies this has beenchallenged, and high emissions and atmospheric concentrations have beenmeasured during periods of low biological activity, such as in springtime. Weconducted measurements during three years, using an online gas-exchangemonitoring system to observe volatile organic emissions from a mature(1 year-old) and a growing Scots pine shoot. The emission rates of organicvapors from vegetative buds of Scots pine during the dehardening and rapidshoot growth stages were one to two orders of magnitude higher than thosefrom mature foliage; this difference decreased and finally disappeared whenthe new shoot was maturing in late summer. On average, the springtimemonoterpene emission rate of the bud was about 500 times higher than that ofthe mature needles; during the most intensive needle elongation period, themonoterpene emission rate of the growing needles was 3.5 higher than that ofthe mature needles, and in September the monoterpene emission rate of thesame years' needles was even lower (50%) than that of the previousyears' needles. For other measured compounds (methanol, acetone andmethylbutenol) the values were of the same order of magnitude, except beforebud break in spring, when the emission rates of buds for those compounds wereon average about 20–30 times higher than that of mature needles. Duringspring and early summer the buds and growing shoots are a strong source ofseveral VOCs, and if they are not accounted for in emission modeling asignificant proportion of the emissions – from a few percent to even half ofthe annual cumulative emissions – will remain concealed. The diurnalemission pattern of growing shoots differed from the diurnal cycle intemperature as well as from the diurnal emission pattern of mature shoots,which may be related to processes involved in shoot or needle elongation. Ourfindings imply that global estimations of monoterpene emission rates fromforests are in need of revision, and that the physiological state of theplants should be taken into account when emissions of the reactive gases suchas monoterpenes are estimated

New foliage growth is a significant, unaccounted source for volatiles in boreal evergreen forests