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Dinitrogen (N2) and/or nitrous oxide (N2O) are produced throughdenitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) or nitrification insediments, of which entangled processes complicate the absolute rateestimations of gaseous nitrogen production from individual pathways. Theclassical isotope pairing technique (IPT), the most common 15N nitrateenrichment method to quantify denitrification, has recently been modified bydifferent researchers to (1) discriminate between the N2 produced bydenitrification and anammox or to (2) provide a more accurate denitrificationrate under considering production of both N2O and N2. In case 1,the revised IPT focused on N2 production being suitable for theenvironments of a low N2O-to-N2 production ratio, while in case 2,anammox was neglected. This paper develops a modified method to refineprevious versions of IPT. Cryogenic traps were installed to separatelypreconcentrate N2 and N2O, thus allowing for subsequent measurementof the two gases generated in one sample vial. The precision is better than2% for N2 (m/z 28, m/z 29 and m/z 30), and 1.5% forN2O (m/z 44, m/z 45 and m/z 46). Based on the six m/z peaks ofthe two gases, the 15N nitrate traceable processes including N2 andN2O from denitrification and N2 from anammox were estimated.Meanwhile, N2O produced by nitrification was estimated via theproduction rate of unlabeled 44N2O. To validate the applicabilityof our modified method, incubation experiments were conducted using sedimentcores taken from the Danshuei Estuary in Taiwan. Rates of the aforementionednitrogen removal processes were successfully determined. Moreover, N2Oyield was as high as 66%, which would significantly bias previous IPTapproaches if N2O was not considered. Our modified method not onlycomplements previous versions of IPT but also provides more comprehensiveinformation to advance our understanding of nitrogen dynamics of thewater–sediment interface

biogeosciences

Technical Note: Simultaneous measurement of sedimentary N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O production and a modified &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;N isotope pairing technique