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If increases in net primary productivity (NPP) caused by risingconcentrations of atmospheric CO2 (Ca) are to be sustained, key Nprocesses such as soil mineralization, biological fixation, root uptake andnutrient conservation must also be increased. Simulating the response ofthese processes to elevated Ca is therefore vital for models used toproject the effects of rising Ca on NPP. In this modelling study,hypotheses are proposed for changes in soil mineralization, biologicalfixation, root nutrient uptake and plant nutrient conservation with changesin Ca. Algorithms developed from these hypotheses were tested in theecosystem model ecosys against changes in N and C cycling measured over severalyears under ambient vs. elevated Ca in Free Air CO2 Enrichment(FACE) experiments in the USA at the Duke Forest in North Carolina, the Oak RidgeNational Laboratory forest in Tennessee, and the USDA research forest inWisconsin. More rapid soil N mineralization was found to be vital forsimulating sustained increases in NPP measured under elevated vs. ambientCa at all three FACE sites. This simulation was accomplished by primingdecomposition of N-rich humus from increases in microbial biomass generatedby increased litterfall modelled under elevated Ca. Greater nonsymbioticN2 fixation from increased litterfall, root N uptake from increasedroot growth, and plant N conservation from increased translocation underelevated Ca were found to make smaller contributions to simulatedincreases in NPP. However greater nutrient conservation enabled largerincreases in NPP with Ca to be modelled with coniferous vs. deciduousplant functional types. The effects of these processes on productivity nowneed to be examined over longer periods under transient rises in Ca anda greater range of site conditions

biogeosciences

Modelling changes in nitrogen cycling to sustain increases in forest productivity under elevated atmospheric CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and contrasting site conditions